On Friday, just about the time the world’s leaders were waiting in Copenhagen for US President Obama to speak, I was standing in front of a world they seem unable to imagine. In my case, however, no imagination was necessary – I just had to look. In front of me, the snow-clad roofs of the council houses were covered in solar panels, a striking picture of a near-perfect policy.

Huddersfield - the unlikely solar capital of the UK
If climate change is, as Professor Garnaut says, a ‘diabolical’ policy problem, here in Huddersfield, Kirklees Council seems to have found perfect policy solutions. Or, more accurately, Green Party Councillor Andrew Cooper and his three Greens councillor colleagues have.

'Snowlar' panels in Huddersfield
Half an hour out of Manchester by train, snowy Huddersfield seems an unlikely spot for the solar capital of the UK, especially to Australian eyes used to connecting solar and sun. But, with a tiny minority of Kirklees’ 69 councillors, the Green Party has transformed this town, and, in perfect, ‘virtuous circle’ policy, combined environmental good with social and economic good. It’s an interesting lesson in minority governance, and the potential gains of a well-used balance of power. It’s been years since any party has had an absolute majority on council, and the Greens have used this ‘instability’ to get a wide range of parties to fund people-focused, environmentally friendly programs.
Take the insulation program. Starting as an area-specific project to insulate the homes of over-60 year olds, it is now close to winding up, having offered free insulation to anyone in the whole council area. The Greens successfully pushed for this expansion, and amended the Council’s 2007 budget to make the scheme free to all households . Door-to-door assessors have canvassed the whole municipality, offering the free service. For the many pensioners and other Kirklees citizens, it means an extra 200 to 300 pounds in their pockets each year, no small thing when heating bills are so high.
Cllr Cooper tells me the program has created around 100-200 permanent jobs. ‘Permanent?’, I query, ‘didn’t you say the program is about to end?’. It’s true, he explains, that the program is winding up, as they’ve finished insulating homes in the Kirklees Council area, but the council’s commitment to the program meant that Kirklees now has a base for a national insulation company with a training facility
Andrew estimates that the free program has had three times the take up an ‘able-to-pay’ version would have had, and when you take into account the savings to low-income households, the health impacts of warmer homes, the 55,000 tonnes of carbon saved, and the jobs created, it seems like a significant return on the money spent.
The many solar photovoltaic installations in the area have been funded from Kirklees’ renewable energy fund, which began with 140,000 pounds from savings because of a legislative change, and which Kirklees has used to lever millions of pounds, including from utility companies. Importantly, the UK national government has set carbon reduction targets for utility companies, which are then in turn looking for emission reduction programs to invest in. In the absence of either our state or federal governments doing something similar at home, a huge potential source of renewable energy investment is being wasted.
Standing on the icy street looking at the ‘snowlar panels’, as Andrew calls them, (it works better with a Huddersfield accent than an Australian one), you can feel why bringing heating costs down matters so much. Heating bills are huge (and with rising heat in Australia, you can imagine that cooling bills will increasingly be similarly onerous in Victoria, particularly for people on low incomes). Which is where one of Andrew’s other programs comes in.

Cllr Andrew Cooper (photo courtesy Cllr Cooper)
From street to snowy street, in both council-owned homes and private ones, houses are covered in solar panels, for both hot water and electricity. The private housing is funded through Kirklees RE-Charge scheme, which provides an interest free loan to pay for solar panels. The beauty of the program is that the loan doesn’t need to be paid until your house changes ownership. The panels don’t meet all people’s energy needs, but they cover a fair chunk. And once the government’s gross feed-in tariff program comes in, it will be a money-maker, again, a real boost for people on fixed incomes.
The promise of the gross feed-in tariff has been an important policy enabler. Because the council knows it will make money from the tariff, it can borrow to invest in the solar panels confident it will be able to pay the debt off through the income from the electricity generated. Again, it’s a missed opportunity in Victoria, where our government voted down Greens MPs’ amendments that would have made the Victorian feed-in tariff program gross, rather than net. (Under a gross system, people are paid for all the electricity they generate, creating a significant incentive for installing renewable energy infrastructure such as solar panels; under the Brumby Government’s version, we will only be paid for the excess power generated. In the ACT, where the Greens also have balance of power, there is a gross feed-in system. This approach is modeled on Germany, which has used gross feed-in to drive significant take-up of renewables.)
Andrew is hoping to take it further. He’s exploring, with council, the possibility of borrowing against the projected income from the feed-in tariff payments to roll out solar electricity everywhere in the municipality, starting by extending solar in council homes. Under that scheme, householders and council would split the income from the electricity – council would take enough to cover its investment, and, without any outlay, residents would have an income stream as well. As with insulation, it’s a great policy – good for individuals economically and in terms of health, and good for the environment.
On top of that, Andrew says it’s changing communities. Previously the areas we’re visiting had significant problems; since the panels have gone in, life has improved, with fewer social problems. He doesn’t know why, he says, and then half-jokes about the ‘civilising effects of solar panels’. Perhaps in a world where we’re so defined by our consuming, he ponders, it’s about the shift from consuming to producing. People are proud of the electricity they generate, he adds; armed with their smart meters, old people compare notes with their neighbours about how much they have generated that day. I wonder whether it is in part because disenfranchised communities are seeing their elected representatives paying them serious attention, or if contributing to solving our environmental problems makes people feel better about themselves. Regardless, as with the insulation program, it’s delivering social, economic and environmental benefits. Another virtuous policy circle.

Primrose Hill for air (photo courtesy Cllr Andrew Cooper)
There’s lots more happening. The mayor, Green Julie Stewart-Turner, is championing a local food focus which is taking off, they’ve won a ten-fold increase in spending on allotments (up from 30,000 pounds to 300,000 per year), the council has a 30% renewable energy requirement for all of its buildings, and there’s a wind turbine on the civic centre. Importantly, council has developed the capacity to deliver many of these programs in-house. Some areas have solar street lights; others have new LED lights that use dramatically less electricity than conventional lights, and which, in the future, could be programmed to be dimmer at different times (for example pre-dawn, when fewer people are out and there is less need for lighting). Greens Councillors have set up a pilot program to give people free ‘water butts’, small plastic tanks. In contrast to home, where tanks are part of our response to drought, here they are needed because of heavy rain, to take the strain off the drainage system and help minimise flash flooding. Once again, it also cuts bills, in this case for water.

Solar lights in a Huddersfield park
On a different note, Greens councillors have successfully fought for more police cars in rural areas (where police previously had to catch the bus or walk!).
And over New Year, when the local bus company stops running, the Greens councillors will be among other volunteers driving the buses, so people can still get around, something they’ve been doing for 17 years. ‘It all began as a protest against bus services being withdrawn over the Christmas period’, Andrew explains in the Kirklees Green Party news. ‘We now have Boxing Day services back in our area but now we need to get a return of the New Year Day’s service. We will continue to campaign for their return until we win!’.
As well as being on Kirklees Council (plus working full-time), Andrew is on the Green-dominated Kirkburton Parish Council (a more local elected body), which has a 10,000 pound renewable energy fund. The Parish Council recently put solar panels on the Burton Village Hall, anticipating that they would save 500 pounds off their electricity bill. Now that the feed-in tariff is coming in, this could be doubled – a real saving to rate payers. For this and other initiatives, Kirkburton Parish Council last year won the British Renewable Energy Award for the best project of a public body. The judges said, ‘this small parish council appears to be doing more than our national government to promote renewable energy’.
As my tour with Andrew is about to finish, we pull up at the lights behind a white truck. It’s one of Kirklees’ electric waste trucks, and, almost as an afterthought to the rest of the tour, Andrew explains that waste collected is incinerated (as is common in Europe). Less typically, the heat generated is converted to electricity, he explains, in effect fuelling the truck that collected the waste in the first place. Another virtuous circle.

Kirklees electric truck
After a day with Andrew Cooper, it doesn’t surprise me to learn that he was named by The Independent newspaper as one of the 100 most influential environmentalists in the UK (59th) in 2008, the only councillor included.
Just across the North Sea, on that same day, two different approaches to climate change were on stark display. In Copenhagen, the greatest leaders of our age staggered and stalled, seemingly unable to see, let along make, a path to a just future with a safe climate. In the cold Northern town of Huddersfield, I saw a postcard from the future, where rational, economically viable solutions to climate change are working for people and the planet.
Hear Councillor Andrew Cooper talk about Greens initiatives in Kirklees, or follow what they are doing at http://www.facebook.com/pages/Newsome-Green-Party/98801773714?ref=mf.